Precision agriculture innovation focuses on sustainability using GGE biplot and AMMI analysis to evaluate GE interaction for quality essential oil yield in Eucalyptus citriodora Hook

Abstract

Eucalyptus citriodora is a perennial shrub with aromatic and medicinal qualities that produces a volatile, fragrant essential oil. Its essential oil is widely used in various cosmetic and fragrance businesses, including toiletries, disinfectants, and fragrances. The essential oils had extraordinarily high citronellal, isopulegol, and citronellol. The findings also demonstrate that genetic diversity plays a role in interactions among genotypes (G), environments (E), and genetic environments (G × E) for stability, including vital oil output. The RBD design of the trials included three replications at each site. According to the GE interaction, all traits were significant, except for trait X3. The findings also showed that genetic diversity is evident in genotypes (G), environments (E), and genetic environment (GE) interactions for stability, including essential oil yield. The traits, namely X2-VS-X3, X2-VS-X5, and X3-VS-X6, displayed positive and highly significant correlations in all three locations/environments, in contrast to the negative and highly significant correlations observed between the traits X1-VS-X4. These traits either directly or indirectly control the manifestation of genotype stability. The study results indicated that the GGE biplot identifies the optimum lines over the location. The genotypes, namely Ec1, Ec2, and Ec4, were near the origin in the circle and were highly stable and able to yield high essential oils (116.20, 115.50, and 94.80 kg/ha) with high citronellal (76.80, 72.60, and 62.03%), and citronellol content (8.86, 8.70, and 8.65%). These E. citriodora genotypes are recommended for cultivation in a large area of India.