Abstract
Using two rice genotypes as a test system (OP1505 and OP1509), the aim of this study was to develop an agronomic workflow for Se biofortification through foliar fertilization (with sodium selenate and sodium selenite). During the biofortification process, the state of the culture (slope, surface drainage, water lines and normalized differences vegetation index—NDVI), using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles synchronized by global positioning system (GPS) was further assessed. It was found that after sowing, the water-drainage pattern became profoundly altered, following the artificial pattern, created by grooves between plots. NDVI values, compared to the control, did not show significant differences. These data were correlated with physiological monitoring during biofortification. Furthermore, it was found by eco-physiological data obtained through leaf gas exchanges, that the application of 300 g Se ha−1 did not show any toxicity effects in the biofortified plants. In the context of innovation, it was concluded that the application of precision agriculture techniques in conjunction with leaf-gas exchange measurements allow for an efficient monitoring of the experimental field conditions and the development of the rice cycle during the implementation of the biofortification workflow.
Highlights
To enhance productivity, agriculture is incorporating several next-generation technologies linked to smart farming [1]
The experimental design was performed in randomized blocks and using a factorial arrangement (2 concentrations, 2 forms selenium, 2 genotypes, 4 replicates in a total of 32 plots)
Selenium applications occurred at the end of booting (500 g Se ha−1), anthesis and at the milky grain stages (300 g Se ha−1, for the last two cases)
Summary
Agriculture is incorporating several next-generation technologies linked to smart farming [1]. Precision agriculture involves acquisition and data processing related, to the field (water surface drainage, elevation and slope), and to the plant health at multiple growth levels (the presence of pests and weeds, the content of chlorophyll in plants and some climatic conditions) [1,2]. An essential element in the human diet, Se content in plants is very low [3]. Namely rice, have a low content of Se [4], yet through agronomic biofortification it is possible to overcome this limitation, improving its intake by humans [5]. Considering the high relevance of rice as a staple food in humans societies, this work aimed to use next-generation technologies (i.e., remote sensing) for monitoring the efficiency of a workflow for rice biofortification with Se
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