Abstract

Since its introduction in 1997, precise point positioning (PPP ) offers an attractive alternative to differential global navigation satellite system (GNSS ) positioning. The PPP approach uses undifferenced, dual-frequency, pseudorange and carrier-phase observations along with precise satellite orbit and clock products, for standalone static or kinematic geodetic point positioning with centimeter precision. This chapter introduces the PPP concept and specifies the required models needed to correct for systematic effects causing centimeter-level variations in the satellite-to-user range. For completeness, models and methods for processing single-frequency GNSS data are presented and specific aspects of GLONASS (Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema) and new GNSSs are also described. Furthermore, recent developments in fixing undifferenced carrier-phase ambiguities, which can considerably shorten or nearly eliminate the initial delay for PPP convergence, are highlighted. Existing web applications and real-time corrections services enabling post-mission and real-time PPP are presented. Finally, typical PPP precision and accuracy estimates are discussed, including the solution of station tropospheric zenith path delays and receiver clocks, with millimeter and nanosecond precision respectively.

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call

Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.