Abstract
The update of the Android system and the emergence of the dual-frequency GNSS chips enable smartphones to acquire dual-frequency GNSS observations. In this paper, the GPS L1/L5 and Galileo E1/E5a dual-frequency PPP (precise point positioning) algorithm based on RTKLIB and GAMP was applied to analyze the positioning performance of the Xiaomi Mi 8 dual-frequency smartphone in static and kinematic modes. The results showed that in the static mode, the RMS position errors of the dual-frequency smartphone PPP solutions in the E, N, and U directions were 21.8 cm, 4.1 cm, and 11.0 cm, respectively, after convergence to 1 m within 102 min. The PPP of dual-frequency smartphone showed similar accuracy with geodetic receiver in single-frequency mode, while geodetic receiver in dual-frequency mode has higher accuracy. In the kinematic mode, the positioning track of the smartphone dual-frequency data had severe fluctuations, the positioning tracks derived from the smartphone and the geodetic receiver showed approximately difference of 3–5 m.
Highlights
IntroductionPrecise Point Positioning (PPP) is a method for obtaining the absolute position of a single GNSS receiver using carrier phase and pseudorange observations with high-precision IGS
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a method for obtaining the absolute position of a single GNSS receiver using carrier phase and pseudorange observations with high-precision IGS (International GNSSService) products to achieve centimeter-level accuracy [1,2]
RTKLIB is widely used in navigation; for example, it can be used for automated machine guidance (AMG) and automated machine control (AMC) of mining vehicles [8], determination of position or trajectory of aircrafts [9], and navigation of marine vessels with IMU (Inertial measurement unit) [10]
Summary
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a method for obtaining the absolute position of a single GNSS receiver using carrier phase and pseudorange observations with high-precision IGS Service) products to achieve centimeter-level accuracy [1,2]. To achieve this accuracy, a geodetic GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver and antenna relatively expensive are usually required. RTKLIB is an open source software package for GNSS standard and precise positioning which supports multiple satellite systems, positioning modes and data formats [6,7]. Secondary development based on RTKLIB, GAMP utilizes the PPP algorithm to process multi-GNSS undifferenced and uncombined observations [13]
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