Abstract
The use of quantum correlations between photons to separate measure even- and odd-order components of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and chromatic dispersion in discrete optical elements is investigated. Two types of apparatus are discussed which use coincidence counting of entangled photon pairs to allow sub-femtosecond resolution for measurement of both PMD and chromatic dispersion. Group delays can be measured with a resolution of order 0.1 fs, whereas attosecond resolution can be achieved for phase delays.
Highlights
Dispersion Measurement - Classical versus QuantumAs optical communication networks migrate towards higher 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps data rates, system impairments due to dispersion, especially polarization mode dispersion (PMD), become a primary issue
Group delays can be measured with a resolution of order 0.1 fs, whereas attosecond resolution can be achieved for phase delays
The fiber PMD and component PMD tend to accumulate in different manners as the size of the network grows
Summary
As optical communication networks migrate towards higher 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps data rates, system impairments due to dispersion, especially polarization mode dispersion (PMD), become a primary issue. Entangled photon states intrinsically provide an absolute value for polarization optical delay, in contrast to the conventional (classical) case, which is limited to determination of delay modulo an integer number of cycles of the light. This is mainly due to the fact that quantum interferometry exploits both phase and group velocity effects in the same measurement [10, 11], a feat not possible in classical optics. The primary goal here is to use an interferometric setup with an entangled photon source to measure the component PMD of a small, discrete optical element to sub-femtosecond precision. The incoming photons are aligned along particular axes that are linked to a birefringent crystal orientation, their projections onto any rotated pair of orthogonal axes (including the principle axes of the sample) will remain entangled, allowing the method to work without any need to align the axes of the source and the device under test
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