Abstract
Li-ion battery materials have been widely studied over the past decades. The metal salts that serve as starting materials for cathode and production, including Li2CO3, NiSO4, CoSO4 and MnSO4, are mainly produced using hydrometallurgical processes. In hydrometallurgy, aqueous precipitation and crystallization are important unit operations. Precipitation is mainly used in the processes of impurity removal, separation and preliminary production, while controlled crystallization can be very important to produce a pure product that separates well from the liquid solution. Precipitation and crystallization are often considered in the development of sustainable technologies, and there is still room for applying novel techniques. This review focuses on precipitation and crystallization applied to the production of metal salts for Li-ion battery materials. A number of novel and promising precipitation and crystallization methods, including eutectic freeze crystallization, antisolvent crystallization, and homogeneous precipitation are discussed. Finally, the application of precipitation and crystallization techniques in hydrometallurgical recycling processes for Li-ion batteries are reviewed.
Highlights
Aqueous precipitation and crystallization refer to unit operations that generate a solid from a supersaturated solution [1], wherein supersaturation generates a chemical potential that drives the reaction
Precipitation is mainly used as a process for impurity removal, separation and preliminary production, while crystallization is often used to produce a pure product and one that separates well from the solution [3]
This review focuses on the processes and advances of precipitation and crystallization as used in the production of these metal salts for use in the manufacturing of Li-ion battery materials
Summary
Aqueous precipitation and crystallization refer to unit operations that generate a solid from a supersaturated solution [1], wherein supersaturation generates a chemical potential that drives the reaction. Precipitation is mainly used as a process for impurity removal, separation and preliminary production, while crystallization is often used to produce a pure product and one that separates well from the solution [3]. Li-ion battery materials, especially the cathode materials, have become a research hotspot. The production of metal salts for Li-ion battery materials usually involves a partial. This review focuses on the processes and advances of precipitation and crystallization as used in the production of these metal salts for use in the manufacturing of Li-ion battery materials
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