Abstract
We estimate precipitable water vapor (PWV) from data collected by the low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver at a vessel. The dual-frequency GNSS receiver that the vessel ISABU is equipped with that is operated by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology. The ISABU served in the Pacific Ocean for scientific research during a period from August 30 to September 21, 2018. It also performs radiosonde observations to obtain a vertical profile of troposphere on the vessel’s path. The GNSS-derived PWV is compared to radiosonde observations and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite output. A bias and root-mean-square (RMS) error between shipborne GNSS-PWV and radiosonde-PWV were −1.48 and 5.22 mm, respectively. When compared to the ground GNSS-PWV, shipborne GNSS-PWV has a relatively large RMS error in comparison with radiosonde-PWV. However, the GNSS observations on the vessel are still in good agreement with radiosonde observations. On the other hand, the GNSS-PWV is not well linearly correlated with AIRS-PWV. The RMS error between the two observations was approximately 8.97 mm. In addition, we showed that the vessel on the sea surface has significantly larger carrier phase multipath error compared to the ground-based GNSS observations. This also can result in reducing the accuracy of shipborne GNSS-PWV. However, we suggest that the shipborne GNSS has sufficient potential to derive PWV with the kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) solution on the vessel.
Highlights
Precipitable water vapor (PWV) in the troposphere is an essential parameter for massive rain prediction, climate changes, and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning
To verify the PWV values derived from the GNSS kinematic precise point positioning (PPP), the dual-frequency data obtained from the three GNSS stations on the ground was precisely processed
The GNSS derived-PWV was compared to radiosonde-PWV and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)-PWV
Summary
Precipitable water vapor (PWV) in the troposphere is an essential parameter for massive rain prediction, climate changes, and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning. Statistics indicated that the root-mean-square (RMS) differences between the two observations are a magnitude of 2.6 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively They suggested that the shipborne GNSS is beneficial for observing accurate PWV. In 2017, the difference in GNSS retrieved-PWVs versus radiosonde observations was compared to several components, such as the atmospheric delay, the altitude of the GNSS antenna, the vessel’s speed, the wind speed, and the wave height They suggested that GNSS is useful in monitoring PWV in oceans around the world. Wang et al [22] investigated that the PWV derived from shipborne multi-GNSS, including GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, is in good agreement with a numerical weather model and radiosonde observations. A linear regression method is considered to measure the correlation between pairs of variables (GNSS and radiosonde, GNSS and AIRS)
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