Preceptorship in multiprofessional residency: A link in training for health education

Abstract

The present study aims to present the role of the preceptor in the training of the resident in service as well as the challenges to perform the function in teaching and learning, with the objective of developing a workshop for preceptors. This is an integrative literature review, using specific descriptors in the Portuguese language controlled by the DeCS (Descriptors in Health Sciences), through four combinations in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) database plus the Boolean operator "AND". For the inclusion criteria, studies on the theme of the review between the years 2014 and 2019 in the languages Portuguese, English and Spanish were considered. The final sample resulted in 22 studies. The main results identified the following categories: the role of the preceptor in the teaching of health residencies, conducting the resident in a systemic way; the daily practice in the actions developed in the preceptorship with the application of learning exchange; and the training of health professionals to act as preceptors through technical competence. The challenges related to the daily practice of the preceptor with the context of the training are linked to the inadequate environment and the lack of financial incentive. One item analyzed was the Political Pedagogical Project of the Multiprofessional Integrated Residency in Health of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, presenting a dialogue with the guidelines and principles of the Unified Health System and contributing to training. It is concluded that the preceptor is the professional linked to the practice scenario and plays his role with protagonism and enthusiasm, going through the adversities in the teaching and learning process in the practice scenarios.