Precautionary Savings with Risky Assets: When Cash Is Not Cash

Abstract

We show that U.S. industrial firms invest heavily in non-cash, risky financial assets such as corporate debt, equity, and mortgage-backed securities. Risky assets represent 40% of firms’ financial portfolios, or 6% of total book assets. We present a formal model to assess the optimality of risky financial investments. Consistent with the model’s predictions, risky assets are concentrated in financially unconstrained firms that hold large financial portfolios. Further, they are undertaken by poorly governed firms and discounted by 13-22% compared to safe assets. We conclude that this activity represents an unregulated asset management industry of more than $1.5 trillion, questioning the traditional boundaries of nonfinancial firms.