Abstract

Lebanon has had an ambiguous approach to the more than one million Syrians seeking protection in the country since 2011. The country is neither party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, nor does it have any national legislation dealing with refugees. In October 2014, Lebanon’s Council of Ministers adopted the first comprehensive policy on Syrian displacement, one explicit goal of which is to decrease the number of Syrians in Lebanon by reducing access to territory and encouraging return to Syria. This ambition is currently being implemented through the December 2014 General Security Office new set of entry requirements for Syrians and new rules for Syrian nationals already in Lebanon applying for and renewing their residency permits. Building on 10 months of fieldwork in Lebanon, this article explores the legal status of Syrian refugees in Lebanon in light of the recent regulatory changes. It argues that these leave many refugees in a deeply precarious legal position, with an overwhelming majority of Syrian refugees present in Lebanon without legal status. In essence, this article argues that Syrians in Lebanon are left with two options: they either leave the country or stay and accept exploitation.

Highlights

  • The commencement of the Syrian conflict in 2011 brought about substantial refugee flows into Syria’s neighbouring countries, i.e. Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq

  • The country is neither party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, nor does it have any national legislation dealing with refugees

  • The country is neither party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees,[4] nor does it have any national legislation dealing with refugees

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The commencement of the Syrian conflict in 2011 brought about substantial refugee flows into Syria’s neighbouring countries, i.e. Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq. In October 2014 did Lebanon’s Council of Ministers adopt a comprehensive policy on Syrian displacement, one explicit goal of which is to decrease the number of Syrians in Lebanon by reducing access to territory and encouraging return to Syria This ambition is currently being implemented through the issuance of the General Security Office’s (GSO) new set of entry requirements for Syrians and new rules for Syrian nationals already in Lebanon applying for and renewing residency permits in December 2014.5 For the first time since its establishment, the Lebanese State imposes restrictive measures on the entry of Syrian nationals into the country.[6]. This article seeks to explore the legal status of Syrian refugees in Lebanon in light of these recent regulatory changes It is based on 10 months of field research in Lebanon in 2015 and 2016, including approximately 50 semi-structured interviews with Syrian refugees across the country as well as with Government authorities, lawyers, judges, and United Nations (UN)/non-governmental organisation (NGO) workers in Beirut. The article highlights the perilous situation of Palestinian refugees from Syria and explains how the 2015 changes leave many refugees in a deeply precarious legal position

OVERVIEW OF SYRIAN REFUGEE RESPONSE IN LEBANON
LEBANON AND THE INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW REGIME
NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND LEGAL STATUS OF SYRIANS PRIOR TO 2015
Findings
CONCLUSIONS

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