Prebiotic Activity of Poly- and Oligosaccharides Obtained from Plantago major L. Leaves

Paolina Lukova,Emmanuel Petit,Tonka Vasileva,Mariana Nikolova,Plamen Katsarov,Christine Gardarin,Hristo Manev,Ilia Iliev,Redouan Elboutachfaiti,Cédric Delattre,Philippe Michaud,Guillaume Pierre

doi:10.3390/app10082648

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prebiotic potential of Plantago major L. leaves water-extractable polysaccharide (PWPs) and its lower molecular fractions. The structure of PWPs was investigated by high pressure anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering detector (SEC-MALLS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The chemical composition and monosaccharide analyses showed that galacturonic acid was the main monosaccharide of PWPs followed by glucose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose. FTIR study indicated a strong characteristic absorption peak at 1550 cm−1 corresponding to the vibration of COO− group of galacturonic acid. The PWPs was subjected to hydrolysis using commercial enzymes to obtain P. major low molecular fraction (PLM) which was successively separated by size exclusion chromatography on Biogel P2. PWPs and PLM were examined for in vitro prebiotic activity using various assays. Results gave evidence for changes in optical density of the bacteria cells and pH of the growth medium. A heterofermentative process with a lactate/acetate ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:5 was observed. The ability of PLM to stimulate the production of certain probiotic bacteria glycohydrolases and to be fermented by Lactobacillus sp. strains was successfully proved.

Highlights

Plant derived polysaccharides are major components in the human diet and widely regarded as primary sources of energy, they revealed numerous more complex biological properties [1].They have beneficial effects on reducing the risk factors for some chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer and diabetes, explored such as immunomodulatingAppl
P. major L. leaves are generally considered as a rich source of polyphenols and chlorophyll [21,22,38,39,40]
The initial purification of leaf mass using a series of different solvents allowed producing a colorless polysaccharide with chlorophyll and polyphenol content less than 0.5%

Summary

Introduction

Plant derived polysaccharides are major components in the human diet and widely regarded as primary sources of energy, they revealed numerous more complex biological properties [1].They have beneficial effects on reducing the risk factors for some chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer and diabetes, explored such as immunomodulatingAppl. Plant derived polysaccharides are major components in the human diet and widely regarded as primary sources of energy, they revealed numerous more complex biological properties [1]. They have beneficial effects on reducing the risk factors for some chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer and diabetes, explored such as immunomodulating. Sci. 2020, 10, 2648 and wound healing agents, plasma substitutes and scaffolds in tissue engineering [2,3,4,5]. Lower molecular fractions of plant polysaccharides, and especially non-digestible oligosaccharides, gained attention regarded as functional foods with prebiotic activities [1,6,7]

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