Preauricular Sinus - Incidence in a Bulgarian Cohort

Abstract

Introduction: The preauricular sinus (PauS) is a variable inherited congenital malformation. It results from a defect in the development of the pharyngeal arches and is characterized by a foramen or a dimple, most commonly located on the crus of the auricular helix. The structure can often become inflamed and garners an interest from ENT specialists and pediatricians. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of the PauS as the structure shows great variety in its presence in different populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 61 individuals, 36 males, 25 females, mean age 23.25 years, standard deviation ±9.63, median age 20 and a range of 50 (minimal age 19 and maximal 69) were specifically assessed for the presence of a PauS. A structure was considered a PauS when present in the region of the crus of the auricular helix as a preexisting dent, dimple or foramen and not because of an ear piercing. The set criteria were identical to similar studies of the organ. Results: Of all assessed individuals 3.28% (n=2) had a PauS. No correlation between the presence of the structure and the gender and age of the assessed individuals could be found. Of the identified individuals that had the structure, one had a left-sided unilateral PauS, while the second one had a bilateral structure and a clear family history of close relatives with PauS. However, the relatives of the second patient were not included in the cohort, as they were not directly examined in the study. Conclusion: The incidence of the PauS in our study cohort is similar to that of other European countries. The presence of the structure is of interest for medical specialist as in can lead to varying health issues. Further studies on the type of inheritance may be advocated.