Abstract
This article addresses the question of the influence of mass media and interpersonal communication on the growth of partisan independence among American preadults; 3-wave panel interview data from Wisconsin preadults (aged 10-17 in early 1980) and their parents are used. New measures of political independence are introduced. Preadults become increasingly independent as they get older. Significant antecedent variables are the parent's independence and education, and the preadult's media exposure, attention and trust, and interpersonal political information seeking. None of these effects is large, and they are specific to particular measures of independence.
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