Abstract
The present study aimed to obtain and evaluate remedy against viral hepatitis with Phyllanthus niruri (Bhui amla). Viral infection and toxic doses of paracetamol produce similar pattern of hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering paracetamol (750 mg/kg body weight, single dose intraperitoneal) into one group (group P) of rats. Propylene glycol (vehicle) was administered (2 ml) into another group (group V) of rats. 4 groups of P. niruri extract-pretreated (200 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 days) rats were administered the same single dose of paracetamol on the 7th day. Extract of P. niruri were obtained through ethanol (E), hexane (H), dichloromethane (D) and butane (B). Rat groups were V, P, E + P, H + P, D + P and B + P. Each group consisted of 6 rats and were sacrificed on the 9th day. Parameters for evaluation were biochemical (serum ALT, serum AST, serum ALP, serum bilirubin), hepatic reduced glutathione concentrations and hepatic histology. Propylene glycol (group V) appeared non-toxic to the liver while significant degrees of centrilobuler hepatotoxicity was observed in group P paracetamol-treated rats. The E + P group suggested significant improvements in the serum parameters but these parameters appeared better alleviated in the H + P group. Hepatic reduced glutathione concentrations were replenished to the control level in both E + P and H + P groups. Hepatic histology supported biochemical and other observations in the P, E + P and H + P groups. Lesser degrees of alleviations were observed in the D + P and B + P groups. However, the hexane extract-pretreated group (H + P) appeared to provide the most significant hepatoprotection against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Titration of the dose following isolation of the active ingredient might offer complete alleviation.
Highlights
Phyllanthus niruri (Bhui amla) is a well-known herb of Bangladesh and the sub-continent
The efficacy of the aqueous extract of P. niruri to inhibit the development of endogenous DNA polymerase of hepatitis B virus bind to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus has been reported (Venkateshwaran et al, 1987), and was perhaps the mechanism of alleviation of the virus-induced damages
The present study attempted to evaluate the efficacy of the 4 extracts of P. niruri to alleviate paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat model
Summary
Phyllanthus niruri (Bhui amla) is a well-known herb of Bangladesh and the sub-continent. It is an indigenous medicinal plant, the medicinal potentials of which was well known to the rural people and has been utilized by local medical practitioners in the treatment of different human ailments including liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, gonorrhea etc (Kirtikar and Basu, 1984; Dastar, 1988). You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor. Ethanol extract of P. niruri can produce alleviations of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. The efficacy of the aqueous extract of P. niruri to inhibit the development of endogenous DNA polymerase of hepatitis B virus bind to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (in vitro) has been reported (Venkateshwaran et al, 1987), and was perhaps the mechanism of alleviation of the virus-induced damages
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