Abstract
Thermography is a technique based on infrared imaging, which is used nowadays to detect plants under stress caused by biotic and abiotic factors. In many cases, temperature changes have already been correlated with pathogen attacks. In this sense, thermography offers the ability of early disease detection in plant pathology. In this work, a low-cost AMG8833 Grind-Eye infrared camera combined with a 1080P RGB web camera was used to develop an integrated infrared and RGB imaging system, to record temperature changes on vine, chrysanthemum, and rose plant leaf surfaces. Vine and chrysanthemum leaves were infected with Phomopsis viticola and Septoria ssp. respectively, respectively, whereas rose plants leaves were infected with Colletotrichum spp. as well as with Podosphaera pannosa. Measurements were performed using the integrated imaging system on infected and uninfected leaves, as well as on PDA plates with active and non-active mycelium. According to the results, vine leaf tissue infected with P. viticola and rose plants leaf tissue infected with P. pannosa had a pre-symptomatic (four days after infection) decrease in temperature up to 1.6 and 1.1 °C, respectively, compared with uninfected tissue. In contrast chrysanthemum leaf tissue infected with Septoria ssp. and rose plant leaf tissue infected with Colletotrichum spp. had a pre-symptomatic (four days after infection) increased temperature up to 1.1 °C and 1.0 °C, respectively, compared with uninfected tissue. In vitro measurements showed that the active fungi mycelium had approximately 1.1 to 2.1 °C lower temperature than the non-active mycelium. The results above show that the integrated infrared and RGB imaging system developed in this work can be used to detect early disease infection before visible symptoms appeared, facilitating the decision-making process.
Highlights
Detection of plant disease infection plays a crucial role in their management and prevention strategies [1,2,3]
TRGB images from (i) Chrysanthemum leaves plugged with Colletotrichum spp. mycelia, (ii) rose plant leaves infected with Septoria spp
On plates where the mycelium was treated with Propiconazole, the temperature ranged from 23.9 to 24.2 ◦C, while on control plates, the temperature was 24.3 ◦C. These results showed that the active fungi mycelium is and those with PDA treated with Propiconazole
Summary
Detection of plant disease infection plays a crucial role in their management and prevention strategies [1,2,3]. In addition to the high cost of the hyperspectral and multispectral cameras, errors or incorrect information may result from hyperspectral, multispectral, and RGB digital images about plants’ health, due to lighting conditions [19] This sets important barriers for the commercial use of the above techniques in the open field and greenhouse crops, suggesting that hyperspectral sensors may be a viable solution to overcome many of these measurement limitations listed above [20]. Jones [21] presented evidence correlating the leaf temperature alteration to the plants transpiration changes, which were caused by different pathogen infections Foliar diseases such as leaf spots often influence the transpiration rate or the water flow of the plant organ-s [15]. W10e80uPsewdeabncAamMeGra8t8o33aciqnufriarereidnfcraarmederaansdenRsGoBr mimoadguelsefcroommb(ii)nfeudnwgiitmhycelium a 1080P web camveirnae,tocharcyqsuanirteheinmfruamre,dananddroRsGe Bpliamnat gleeasvfersominf(ei)ctfeudngwiitmhySceepltiuormia asnpdp., Colleto (ii) vine, chrysantshpepm.,uPm. p,aannndosrao,saenpdlaPn. tvlietiacvoleas, cinofnescitdeedriwngiththSeemptoorsitaimspppo.,rtCaonltleptoattrhicohguemns of chry spp., P. pannosa, amndumP., vroitsiceo, laan, dcovninsiedperlainngts,threesmpeocsttiviemlyp.oTrhtaenmt paianthaoimgeinsstooifncvhersytsigaanttehteh-e capabi mum, rose, and vainleowpl-acnostst,trheesrpmecatlicvaemly.erTah, efomr faainstaeiamrlyisdtoetiencvtieosntiogfatfeoltihare dcaispeaabseilsit.ies of a low-cost thermal camera, for fast early detection of foliar diseases
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