Abstract
In this study, near-field electrospining on hollow cylindrical (NFES) process was used to fabricate permanent piezoelectricity of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric nanofibers. With in situ electric poling, mechanical stretching and heating during NFES process, the pre-strained piezoelectric PVDF nanofibers with high stretchability and energy conversion efficiency can be applied at low-frequency ambient vibration to convert mechanical energies into electrical signals. By adjusting rotating velocity of the hollow cylindrical glass tube on X-Y stage, electric field, baking temperature and carbon nanotube (CNT) concentration in PVDF solution, the crystalline of β phase, polarization intensity and morphology of piezoelectric fiber can be controlled. XRD (X-ray diffraction) observation of PVDF fibers was characterized. With electric field 0.5×107 V/m (needle-to-tube distance 2 mm and DC voltage 5 kV), rotating velocity 400 r.p.m, baking temperature 80 °C and 0.03 wt% CNT in NFES process, it reveals a high diffraction peak at 2θ=20.8° of piezoelectric crystal β-phase structure. Then the array nanofibers were transferred onto a parallel copper electrode by using flexible insulation epoxy/PI film to provide packaging protection. When the sensor was tested under 5 Hz vibration frequency, the maximum induced voltage was 29.4 mVp-p.
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