Abstract
The present experiment was designed to assess the effects of seed soaking with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the physiology of Brassica juncea L. seedlings grown under imidacloprid (IMI) toxicity. Application of EBR increased the length of seedlings, dry weight, and pigment contents, polyphenols, total phenols, and organic acids under IMI toxicity. The expression of genes coding key enzymes of pigment, phenols, polyphenols, and organic acid biosynthetic pathways was also studied including CHLASE (chlorophyllase), PSY (phytoene synthase), CHS (chalcone synthase) and PAL (phenylalanine ammonialyase), CS (citrate synthase), SUCLG1 (succinyl Co-A ligase,), SDH (succinate dehydrogenase), FH (fumarate hydratase), MS (malate synthase). Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis revealed that IMI application regressed negatively on seedling length, dry weight and total chlorophyll content. However, EBR seed treatment regressed positively on all the parameters studied. Moreover, interaction between IMI and EBR showed positive regression for growth parameters, content of pigments, total polyphenol, total phenol and malate, and expression of PSY and PAL. Negative interactions were noticed for the contents of fumarate, succinate and citrate, and expression of CHS and all genes studied related to organic acid metabolism. In conclusion, EBR enhanced the growth and contents of all studied metabolites by regulating the gene expression of B. juncea seedlings under IMI stress.
Highlights
Brassica juncea L. is an important oil yielding as well as vegetable crop
Seed soaking with EBR significantly enhanced the length of B. juncea seedlings by 179.21% and biomass by 137.93% grown under IMI stress (Table 2)
It has been observed that EBR reduced the expression of CHLASE under IMI stress, suggesting the possible reason for recovery of chlorophyll contents in B. juncea seedlings grown under IMI stress
Summary
Various insect pests including termites, aphids, leafhoppers, and other sucking insects infest it. Pesticides are widely utilized to control insect pests, and imidacloprid (IMI) being the most preferred pesticide to control these soil and sap-sucking insects (El-Naggar and Zidan, 2013; Ko et al, 2014). 24-Epibrassinolide Alleviates Pesticide Stress in Brassica juncea pesticidal air pollution and protect plants from soil insects, IMI is applied to soil before seed sowing (Bonmatin et al, 2005). In plants under pesticide stress, secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds (Sharma et al, 2016a), carotenoids, anthocyanins, xanthophylls (Tan et al, 2012; Kilic et al, 2015; Sharma et al, 2016b), and organic acids (Ding et al, 2014) were reported to enhance
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