Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fast food consumption and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Tehranian women. This study was conducted over a 17-month period, on a random sample of pregnant women (n = 1026), aged 18–45 years, attending prenatal clinics in five hospitals affiliated with universities of medical sciences, located in different districts of Tehran, Iran. Dietary data were collected during gestational age ≤6 weeks, using a 168-item valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Consumption of total fast foods including hamburgers, sausages, bologna (beef), pizza and French fries was calculated. Between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, all pregnant women underwent a scheduled 100 g 3 h oral glucose tolerance test. GDM was defined according to the American Diabetes Association definition. The mean age and pre-pregnancy body mass index BMI of participants were 26.7 ± 4.3 years and 25.4 ± 4.5 Kg/m2, respectively. A total of 71 women developed GDM. After adjustment for confounders, the OR (95% CI) for GDM for total fast food consumption was 2.12 (1.12–5.43) and for French fries it was 2.18 (1.05–4.70). No significant association was found between hamburgers, sausages, bologna (beef), pizza and GDM. Fast food consumption in women of reproductive age was found to have undesirable effects in the prevalence of GDM.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a relatively common pregnancy complication defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosed during pregnancy [1], has a strong association with the development of a number of unfavorable outcomes
The undesirable effects of fast food consumption on obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes have been extensively studied [4,7,8,9], epidemiologic studies regarding the effects of fast food consumption in relation to GDM are scarce [10,11,12,13] and are mostly from Western populations that may not be generalizable to other populations because of cultural and social differences [14]
The proportion of history of GDM and Body mass index (BMI) were higher in quartile 4, compared with those in quartile 1
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a relatively common pregnancy complication defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosed during pregnancy [1], has a strong association with the development of a number of unfavorable outcomes. Nutrients 2017, 9, 216 is increasing rapidly worldwide, making it a major public health challenge [1,2,3] This global increase may be partly attributed to changes in dietary habits and nutritional transitions from traditional to Western-style fast food intake (high-energy and low nutrient density) which is steadily increasing and is a major factor in the development of metabolic disorders [4,5,6]. In Arab countries of the Middle East, during the past four decades, food consumption patterns have dramatically changed from traditional diets to westernized diets In most of these countries there has been an increase in per capita energy (ranging from 10% in Sudan to 40% in Egypt) and fat (ranging from 13.6% in Sudan to 143.3% in Saudi Arabia) supplies, as well as high intakes of cholesterol and salt and low intakes of fiber [15].
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