Pre‐Plant Nitrogen Fertilizer Uptake and Partitioning in Furrow‐Irrigated Corn

Abstract

Pre‐plant N rate and application method displayed no significant influence on end‐of‐season corn total N uptake when adequate N is applied in‐season. Approximately 75% of the pre‐plant N that was recovred in the corn plant at maturity was taken up after the V6 growth stage. Results indicate that about 60 to 85% of pre‐plant fertilizer N applied to corn was not recovered by the plant, indicating a low recovery of pre‐plant N fertilizer in furrow‐irrigated mid‐South corn. Nitrogen fertilizer is routinely required to produce maximum corn (Zea mays L.) yield in the mid‐South. Two field experiments were established to evaluate the fertilizer‐N recovery and partitioning of 15N‐labeled urea applied pre‐plant to furrow‐irrigated corn at the R6 growth stage. Pre‐plant 15N‐labeled fertilizer was applied at rates of 0, 34, 67, and 100 kg N ha−1 using application methods including an incorporated, surface broadcast, and water‐furrow application. Additional non‐labeled N was applied in‐season at the V6 growth stage so that the season‐total N fertilizer rate applied in all treatments receiving N was equal to 270 kg N ha−1. The mass fertilizer‐nitrogen recovery (MFNR) and Δ MFNR increased as pre‐plant N rate increased in both years. Pre‐plant N rate and application method displayed no significant influence on total‐nitrogen (TN) uptake when additional N was applied in‐season. Fertilizer‐N recovery efficiency (FNRE) of pre‐plant N ranged from 14.8 to 39.9%. Of the MFNR of pre‐plant N at maturity, 75% was taken up by the corn after the V6 growth stage. The 67 kg N ha−1 application rate of pre‐plant N was the lowest N rate that simultaneously maximized yield and FNRE both years. Pre‐plant N fertilizer that was applied broadcast or incorporated resulted in the greatest yield, percent TN in the grain, and percent MFNR in the grain at maturity in both years. Producers are encouraged to incorporate or broadcast 67 kg N ha−1 or less pre‐plant for furrow‐irrigated corn when additional N is applied in‐season.