Pre-harvest Desiccation: Productivity and Physical and Physiological Inferences on Soybean Seeds During Storage

Elias Zanatta,Felipe Koch,Emanuela G Martinazzo,Velci Q De Souza,Vinícius J Szareski,Francisco A Villela,Cristian Troyjack,Ivan R Carvalho,João R Pimentel,Gustavo H Demari,Tiago Z Aumonde,Francine Lautenchleger,Simone M Dellagostin,Tiago Pedó

doi:10.5539/jas.v10n6p354

Elias Zanatta, Felipe Koch + Show 12 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n6p354

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Abstract

The objective of this research is to define which soybean phenological stage is adequate to promote pre-harvest desiccation and to measure the effects of this procedure on the physical and physiological attributes of soybean seeds throughout storage. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Santa Bárbara da Boa Vista located in the municipality of Cabeceiras, Goiás, Brazil. The experimental design was the randomized blocks arranged in a factorial scheme being five phenological stages of soybean development where desiccant was applied (R5.5, R6.0, R7.1, R7.3 and R8.3) × five post-harvest storage times (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 days), arranged in four replicates. The measured characters were: Productivity, Mass of one thousand seeds, Retention of sieves 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm and 6.5 mm, Germination, Accelerated aging and Field emergence. The application of the Paraquat molecule in soybean plants in the phenological stages R5.5 and R6.0 compromises the physical attributes, mass of a thousand seeds and productivity. The germination and vigor of the soybean seeds are adversely affected due to the early desiccation of the plants, and these effects are potentiated throughout the seed storage.

Highlights

Brazil occupies the second position in the world production of soybean, being inferior only to the United States
It was verified that the productivity and the mass of thousand seeds (Figures 1a and 1b) show similar trends, since the magnitudes were similar when desiccation is carried out from the phenological stage R7.1, this agreement of the results is attributed to the dependence of the mass of one thousand seeds in the productivity, being this one of the main components of the soybean productivity (Lamego et al, 2013)
It was possible to verify the stability of the productivity from the desiccation carried out in the phenological stage R7.1 because the soybean seeds already reached the physiological maturity and accumulated the maximum amounts of dry matter, with this the application of desiccants does not directly influence the productivity and the mass of one thousand soybean seeds (Pereira et al, 2015; Nardino et al, 2016)

Summary

Introduction

Brazil occupies the second position in the world production of soybean, being inferior only to the United States. The search for the production of seeds with high performance becomes a challenge, especially with regard to the obtaining of seeds with high added vigor, in this context, it is sought to reduce to the maximum the period of exposure of the seeds to adverse environmental conditions, such as the oscillations of relative humidity and air temperature, precipitation, diseases and insect-plague attack (Szareski et al, 2016; Follmann et al, 2017) Linked to these factors, the delay in the harvest of the seeds becomes enough to reduce the germination and the vigor of the seeds (Sedyama, 2013; Forti et al, 2013; Kehl et al, 2016; Rigo et al, 2018)

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