Pre-habilitation with exercise and high whey-protein-based meal replacement therapy promotes weight loss and preserve muscle mass before bariatric surgery

Abstract

BackgroundBariatric surgery is considered as an effective therapy for those with morbid obesity. Preoperative weight loss with a very low-calorie diet is commonly used to ease the bariatric surgery. Pre-habilitation increases functional and physiological capacity. The study demonstrated the changes of body composition and functional status following short term pre-habilitation before bariatric surgery. MethodThis prospective study targeted those admitted for bariatric surgery. Participants underwent the biweekly pre-habilitation program included an individualized high whey-based protein very low-calorie (VLCHP) enteral regime (600–900 kcal/day) and moderate intensive exercise before bariatric surgery. Body composition and waist circumference were assessed after fortnight. Participants were segregated into morbid obese (MOG) (BMI <49 kg/m2) and super morbid obese group (SMOG) (BMI ≥50 kg/m2) for analysis. ResultMajority of participants were female (71%) with median age 36.0 years old (MOG) and 34.3 years old (SMOG) respectively. SMOG achieved significant greater loss in weight (−7.4 kg vs −4.0 kg), fat percentage (−4.4% vs −1.7%) and fat mass (−9.9 kg vs −3.8 kg); but MOG had a significant increment in muscle mass (3.2 kg vs 2.8 kg) as compared to SOG (p < 0.001). DiscussionBody composition measurement and changes remain critical in nutritional assessment to achieve successful surgery and minimize nutritional complication. Whey-based VLCHP attenuates muscle loss and preserves myofibrillar protein synthesis; promotes a better muscle strength and mass growth during periods of negative energy balance combined with moderately intense aerobic activity. ConclusionIndividualized whey-based VLCHP enteral regime and moderate intensive exercise encourage weight loss; increases muscle mass and strength; improve function status prior to bariatric surgery.