Pre-eclampsia does not Change the Adhesion Molecule Status in the Placental Bed

Abstract

During normal placentation trophoblast cells invade maternal tissues and remodel the uterine arteries into low-resistance channels. In pre-eclampsia, trophoblast invasion is impaired and this, along with endothelial dysfunction, has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. We studied the expression of adhesion molecules important for leukocyte extravasation in the placental bed with immunohistochemistry and compared the expression in pre-eclampsia to that in normal pregnancy. Our major finding was that only invasive trophoblasts expressed cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-1 (CLA-1) in the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas villous trophoblasts did not. In the first trimester both villous trophoblasts and invasive trophoblast cells in decidua remained negative for CLA-1. Pre-eclampsia did not change the expression of leukocyte–endothelium adhesion or lymphocyte homing-associated antigens, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, VCAM, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, CLA-1, CD73, VAP-1 and αEβ7 in the placental bed. Furthermore, pre-eclampsia was not associated with an aberrant accumulation of lymphocytes carrying antigens of any particular known organ-specific homing systems. The results on the unchanged pattern of adhesion molecule expression in pre-eclampsia suggests that there is no major change in the adhesive properties of the endothelium of the placental bed in pre-eclampsia.