Abstract
This article deepens the potential of pre-cleaned bare wooden toothpicks (pb-WTs) for extracting drugs (antidepressants and acetaminophen) from oral fluid samples. The leaching of the intrinsic compounds from the wood matrix is identified as the main challenge for the final determination of the targets, even when a very selective instrumental technique, such as mass spectrometry, is employed. The pre-cleaning of the WTs is proposed for improving the analytical performance. The number of cleaning cycles depends on the injection mode (direct infusion or chromatography) into the mass spectrometer. The different variables affecting the extraction of selected antidepressant drugs were studied in detail, and the optimum procedure was validated using the two mentioned injection modes. The limits of detection were in the ranges 0.1–0.5 ng/mL and 0.1–0.3 ng/mL for direct infusion and liquid chromatography, respectively. The intra-day precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) was better than 12.1% and 8.6%, for direct infusion and liquid chromatography, respectively. Single-blind samples were used to study the applicability of the method. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, the potential of pb-WTs for in vivo sampling was outlined.Graphical abstract
Highlights
White Analytical Chemistry (WAC) is a recently introduced concept which updates and complements the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles [1]
Sample preparation is identified by GAC as a procedure with high potential environmental impact, it is accepted in the GAC-WAC context as it is essential to solving many analytical problems
Effect of the Wooden toothpicks (WTs) pre‐cleaning on the analytical signal
Summary
White Analytical Chemistry (WAC) is a recently introduced concept which updates and complements the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles [1]. WAC establishes that new methods must balance sustainability with analytical usefulness. Sample preparation is identified by GAC as a procedure with high potential environmental impact, it is accepted in the GAC-WAC context as it is essential to solving many analytical problems. Microextraction plays a pivotal role in sample preparation, and it involves. Published in the topical collection featuring Promising Early-Career (Bio)Analytical Researchers with guest editors Antje J.
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