Abstract
Planck and other recent data in Cosmology and Particle Physics can open the way to controversial analyses concerning the early Universe and its possible ultimate origin. Alternatives to standard cosmology include pre-Big Bang approaches, new space-time geometries and new ultimate constituents of matter. Basic issues related to a possible new cosmology along these lines clearly deserve further exploration. The Planck collaboration reports an age of the Universe t close to 13.8 Gyr and a present ratio H between relative speeds and distances at cosmic scale around 67.3 km/s/Mpc. The product of these two measured quantities is then slightly below 1 (about 0.95), while it can be exactly 1 in the absence of matter and cosmological constant in patterns based on the spinorial space-time we have considered in previous papers. In this description of space-time we first suggested in 1996-97, the cosmic time t is given by the modulus of a SU(2) spinor and the Lundmark-Lemaitre-Hubble (LLH) expansion law turns out to be of purely geometric origin previous to any introduction of standard matter and relativity. Such a fundamental geometry, inspired by the role of half-integer spin in Particle Physics, may reflect an equilibrium between the dynamics of the ultimate constituents of matter and the deep structure of space and time. Taking into account the observed cosmic acceleration, the present situation suggests that the value of 1 can be a natural asymptotic limit for the product H t in the long-term evolution of our Universe up to possible small corrections. In the presence of a spinorial space-time geometry, no ad hoc combination of dark matter and dark energy would in any case be needed to get an acceptable value of H and an evolution of the Universe compatible with observation. The use of a spinorial space-time naturally leads to unconventional properties for the space curvature term in Friedmann-like equations. It therefore suggests a major modification of the standard cosmology based on general relativity. In the new cosmology thus introduced, the contribution of the space curvature to the value of H 2 is positive definite independently of the apparent sign of this curvature, and has a much larger value than the standard curvature term. Then, a cosmological constant is no longer required. The spinorial space-time also generates automatically for each comoving observer a privileged space direction that, together with parity violation, may explain the anisotropies observed in WMAP and Planck data. Contrary to frequent statements, such a signature would not be a strange phenomenon. The effect emerges directly from the use of two complex space-time coordinates instead of the conventional four real ones, and the privileged direction would correspond to the phase of the cosmic spinor. We remind here our previous work on the subject and further discuss some cosmological implications of the spinorial space-time.
Highlights
Suitable new cosmologies can be related to new ultimate constituents of matter such as superbradyons beyond the original preon idea [12] and to new physics at ultra-high energy [13, 14] possibly generated beyond Planck scale
Starting from a positive space curvature, the spinorial space-time (SST) geometry we introduced in 1996-97 [28, 29] yields a more clear result concerning the possible geometric origin of the relation H = t −1 where the cosmic time t is given by the modulus of a cosmic SU(2) spinor
Such unconventional properties of the Cosmology based on the spinorial space-time clearly indicate the presence of a more fundamental geometry than that usually considered in theories obtained from standard relativity
Summary
The present situation in Cosmology and Particle Physics is intriguing. It can raise many exciting and unconventional debates leading to new ideas and approaches that should not be ignored. As already emphasized in [9, 13], fundamental physics at ultrahigh energy and very small distances can be different enough from standard relativity and quantum field theory (QFT) to radically change the situation concerning the cosmological constant and the cosmic forces contributing to the expansion of the Universe. The global space curvature can even be masked by more local phenomena Even so, such a small cosmic space curvature generated beyond standard matter and without the conventional space-time geometry may turn out to provide the leading contribution to the expansion of the Universe [9, 18] contrary to standard expectations. The conventional ΛCDM cosmology used in WMAP and Planck analyses leads to a conceptually unclear situation for the ratio between relative velocities and distances at cosmic scales. No cosmological constant is needed, while the cosmological constant is a source of trouble in standard cosmology
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