PRDM16 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Obesity and Blood Lipids Profiles in Saudi Population.

Aishah Alamrani,Mouaadh Abdelkarim,Mohammed Alzoghaibi

doi:10.3390/jcm7060141

Abstract

Aims: The PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) gene and the Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4) gene are both an essential regulators in the thermogenesis process in the brown adipose tissues (BAT). The influence of polymorphisms in those genes on obesity and blood lipids profile is unknown particularly in the Saudi population, so the current study is aiming to explore that. Methods: A case control format was used that involved 89 obese individual and 84 non-obese (control). The PRDM16 (rs2651899) and PDE4D (rs295978) polymorphisms were genotyped using KASP™ (Competitive Allele-Specific PCR) method. Results: The distributions of the AA, GG, and AG genotypes of PRDM16 (rs2651899) polymorphism were 0.19, 0.26 and 0.54, respectively. While the distribution of the mutated allele A was 0.7 in the obese group comparing to 0.34 in the non-obese group. Participants with the mutated genotypes, AA and AG, of PRDM16 (rs2651899) polymorphism were significantly more likely to be obese as compared to participants with wild type genotype (OR = 21, 95% CI = 5.4190 to 84.4231, p value < 0.0001 and OR = 44.6, 95% CI = 11.5984 to 172.0157, p value < 0.0001, respectively). The wild type GG genotype of this polymorphism was associated with higher blood cholesterol, HDL and LDL but lower blood triglyceride compared with the mutated genotypes (p = 0.003, p = 0.008, p = 0.02 and p = 0.003, respectively). In contrast, PDE4D (rs295978) polymorphism was not associated with risk of obesity and had no effects on blood lipids profile. Conclusions: We found that the PRDM16 polymorphism (rs2651899) is a risk factor for obesity and influence blood lipids profiles significantly in Saudi population. While the PDE4D (rs295978) polymorphism didn’t show significant effect on risk of obesity or blood lipids profiles.

Highlights

Obesity is considered the fifth highest cause of death worldwide by the World Health Organization [1]
We found that the non-obese participants had a higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) level compared with the obese group (1.3 mmol/L vs. 1.1 mmol/L, p = 0.0009), while there was no significant difference in blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), or blood triglyceride levels among the two groups (p = 0.5 and p = 0.1, respectively)
The current study assessed the association of PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) gene polymorphism and phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene polymorphism with obesity and blood lipids profiles in the Saudi population

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is considered the fifth highest cause of death worldwide by the World Health Organization [1]. Recent evidence suggests that the thermogenesis process is impaired in brown adipose tissues (BAT), contributing to obesity pathogenesis. BAT is a distinctive type of adipose tissue that disperses energy through nonshivering thermogenesis. This process is mediated by the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is abundant in that tissue’s inner mitochondrial membrane [3]. It has been shown that obesity is associated with a reduction or impairment of BAT activities in classical BAT areas, detectable by radiological images (Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET/CT)) [9,10]. The altered molecular mechanisms associated with reduced BAT activities in obesity have not been characterised in humans

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Results

Conclusion