Prazosin Treatment of Sleep Problems in Youth with PTSD

Abstract

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition characterized by reexperiencing symptoms, persistent avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and changes in arousal and reactivity in response to a traumatic event (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The pathophysiology of PTSD is not fully understood but likely related to dysregulation of fear‐processing. Currently, the gold standard of treatment is trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‐CBT). SSRIs are the only FDA‐approved pharmacologic treatments for PTSD in adults and there are no FDA approved medications to treat pediatric PTSD. Unlike studies in adults, double‐blinded randomized control trials (RCTs) did not show any efficacy for SSRIs in pediatric patients diagnosed with PTSD (Hudson et al., 2021). While estimates of pediatric PTSD prevalence varies, the prevalence of PTSD at age 18 is 7.8% (Rolling et al., 2023). Sleep disturbances such as insomnia, night‐time awakenings, and nightmares often persist despite treatment with TF‐CBT or SSRIs. Left untreated, sleep disturbances are predictive of PTSD persistence and comorbid psychiatric complications (Rolling et al., 2023). There is evidence supporting the use of the medication prazosin in alleviating pediatric PTSD sleep disturbances including nightmares and insomnia. Anywhere from 20–80% of children with PTSD report nightmares compared to a prevalence of 10–20% in the general pediatric population (Kovachy et al., 2013). There is a growing need for pharmacologic therapy given the paucity of providers trained in TF‐CBT and a need for symptomatic management. In this review, we will examine sleep disturbances in pediatric PTSD patients and discuss the feasibility of prazosin as an adjunct treatment option.