Abstract
Prayer in Islam is regarded as a direct engagement with God, establishing a personal relationship between a believer and God. However, prayer also functions as a marker of identity and community. There are communal prayers, known as the salat, where Muslims gather five times a day to offer formal ritual prayers, which are often performed in a mosque or prayer hall. In conjunction with the ritual prayers are personal private devotions, known as duʿa, which take the form of personal supplications to God. The form and practice of the ritual prayers is highly regulated in Islamic legal works, illustrating the importance of orthopraxy in Muslim ritual. This chapter begins by outlining the history of prayer in the Qurʾan and later Muslim practice, before exploring the notions of communal and private prayer, with a particular emphasis on theology and spirituality.
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