Abstract
Legal science and practice has long been interested in the protection of an unborn life, both the one conceived in vivo, naturally, and the one conceived in vitro, by means of artificial insemination. Due to the rapid development of biomedical technology, we are becoming increasingly familiar with risk factors for a child’s existence that could leave it with physical and psychological consequences, such as serious genetic diseases or infectious diseases that a mother could transfer to her child through her blood at the very moment of conception. Since such risk factors can be prevented only before conception, the only way to preclude potential damage is to consider the child’s interests before it is conceived. That is why it is important to establish the status of an unconceived person, nondum conceptus. Even though it exists as one of three legally recognized stages in relation to the occurrence of a person’s legal capacity, there are numerous dilemmas about what this subject actually represents, its characteristics and how it functions within the law. The author concludes that the status of nondum conceptus requires analysis beyond the existing limits of the traditional comprehension of natural persons’ legal capacity and that it also calls for defining new concepts and constructs for subjects such as unconceived humans.
Highlights
Legal science and practice has long been interested in the protection of an unborn life, both the one conceived in vivo, naturally, and the one conceived in vitro, by means of artificial insemination
Due to the rapid development of biomedical technology, we are becoming increasingly familiar with risk factors for a child’s existence that could leave it with physical and psychological consequences, such as serious genetic diseases or infectious diseases that a mother could transfer to her child through her blood at the very moment of conception
That is why it is important to establish the status of an unconceived person, nondum conceptus
Summary
Postoji više različitih shvatanja o tome koji je trenutak u razvoju embriona presudan i validan da se baš od njega krene štititi život. Pojedini teoretičari smatraju da makar i samo začeće, oplodnja, bila na ispravnom putu razvoja, još ne može biti govora o pojedincu ni u kom smislu.[6] Pravi ljudski život čoveka pojedinca može se prema tom shvatanju utvrditi tek nakon nidacije (usađivanja oplođenog jajašca u maternicu), tj. Zaključak bi bio da početak pojedinačnog, uistinu ljudskog života, čoveka, možemo naći tek nakon nidacije.[9] Uz spomenute teškoće, može se navesti i činjenica da se oplođeno jajašce u trenutku oplodnje ne nalazi u maternici, nego u jajovodu, da je još slobodno telo, nevezano uz majku, te da majka još nije majka. Pravo se za razliku od medicine može zadovoljiti većim brojem odgovora na isto pitanje, pa tako i danas ne postoji u pravu jedinstven stav o tome kada počinje život, već ta definicija spada u polje slobodne procene svake države
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