Practices of Tunisian professionals in the diagnosis of autism

Abstract

Introduction The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders is complex. Recommendations for good medical practice in the diagnosis exist. The objective of this study is to evaluate the practices of Tunisian professionals in the diagnosis of autism. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 40 professionals involved in the diagnosis of autism, in all of Tunisia. Participants were recruited by e-mail, and received questionnaires. The anonymity was respected. This questionnaire was used to collect information about the practices of professionals in the diagnosis of autism. Results Participants were child psychiatrists in 69.2% of cases, pediatric neurologists in 12.9% of cases, psychiatrists in 10.3% of cases, psychologists in 5.1% of cases, and speech therapists in 5, 1% of cases. For the diagnosis of autism, professionals use diagnostic scales in 87.2% of cases with use of CARS in 53.8% of cases and the ADI-R in 7.7% of cases. Prescribing para-clinical investigations was noted in 94.9% of participants. It was systematic in 61.5% of cases. It was auditory evoked potential in 87.2% of cases, electroencephalogram in 66.7% of cases, a complete physical examination in 51.3% of cases, a genetic examination in 30% of cases, a brain MRI in 15.4% of cases, a specialized neurological examination in 12.8% of cases, and an ophthalmological examination in 2.6% of cases. Conclusion The results of this study point out that the use of scales, testing and prescription of not para-clinical investigations is not done systematically. This can be improved by familiarizing professionals with the recommendations of the literature.