Practical studies on urine demonstrating principles of clinical and veterinary significance

Abstract

AbstractUrine is a versatile and variable fluid that can be readily used in practical classes to demonstrate important biochemical and physiological principles. It can be readily adjusted to simulate a wide variety of medical conditions. This paper describes a range of easily performed experiments and includes some background on clinical and veterinary aspects. The experiments can be adapted for veterinary medicine, animal science, or medical students of biochemistry or physiology. To avoid any possibility of health risks posed by real urine samples, the experiments may be carried out on simulated samples. These experiments are ideal for laboratories with small resources.