PRACTICAL QUESTIONS FOR SILO BAGS GRAIN STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

Abstract

In enterprises with limited capacities and a low-powered grain drying facilities there is a problem of economical and reliable storage of dry, wet and moist grains. One of the options for its successful solution is the application of grain storage technology in silo bags, tested in many enterprises, the basic principle of which is based on the self-preservation of grain under hermetic conditions in an environment of carbon dioxide. To implement this technology, it is necessary to determine the suitability of the batch of grain for loading in the silo bags on the basis of an operational analysis of the grain quality. After loading the grain, the silo bags are sealed, the grain mass is stored for a certain time and then unloaded. After many years of industrial testing of grain storage technology in silobags, recommendations have been developed that allow to ensure the quantity and proper quality of grain in the process of implementation of the technology. To do this, it is provided to carry out a whole range of activities - personnel training, the selection and preparation of a storage area for grain, deratization, the determination of the quality of grain at all stages and a safe shelf-life, depending on the condition of the grain, weighing of the grain; loading silo bags and placing them on the site; drawing of marks for identification of silobags; monitoring of the state of silo bags and grain and the restoration of the integrity of the silo bags throughout the storage period; accounting for grain in the silobags; processing of unconditioned grain; object protection, final analysis of the work performed, identify problems and ways to solve them. The storage site for grain in the silo bags must be cleaned of stubble and grass, sharp objects, grain residues, solid hardwood or the most densely packed soil (the clay surface is undesirable, as precipitation makes imposible laying and unloading of silobags), ensure no stagnation of water during rains and melting snow, provide the possibility of free movement of special equipment on the site. It must be deratized and fenced with a mesh with small openings, a height of at least 1 m and dipped. The analysis of the characteristics of three-layer silobags showed that to optimize the storage of dry grain, it is advisable to use the largest silobags of 90 m in length, since they have a larger capacity, there will be less time spent on dressing and sealing the silobags, saving space between the silo bags lying along one another , there will be less length of silobags to go for tying, as well as saving money on the cost of silobags, the cost of working time and fuel (decreases the number of transfers of special equipment). It is advisable to take into account the possibility of unloading the sleeve during one shift. At all stages (loading, storage, unloading) the determination of the quality of grain, monitoring the condition and restoring the integrity of the silo bags checking the sanitary condition of the site and the presence of baits should be carried out. Precautions should be observed, grain accounting, working with non-standard grain and final analysis of grain storage results should be carried out.