Practical paper models for number concepts

Abstract

The use of models in teaching elementary school mathematics has been extensively researched and recommended. Since number concepts and basic operations constitute a major part of the elementary mathema tics curriculum, a variety of models—extending on a continuum from Cuisenaire rods; Dienes blocks; and objects like sticks, straws, and buttons; to representations such as drawings and number sentences—have been recommended. The remainder of this paper is devoted to several uses of paperand-pencil models which are simple enough for children to construct. The descriptions of the models indicate the level of suggested use.