Abstract
In this work, we study the potential of using kriging metamodelling to perform multi-objective structural design optimization using finite element analysis software and design standards while keeping the computational efforts low. A method is proposed, which includes sustainability and buildability objectives, and it is applied to a case study of reinforced concrete foundations for wind turbines based on data from a large Swedish wind farm project. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the influence of the penalty factor applied to unfeasible solutions and the size of the initial sample generated by Latin hypercube sampling. A multi-objective optimization is then performed to obtain the optimum designs for different weight combinations for the four objectives considered. Results show that the kriging-obtained designs from samples of 20 designs outperform the best designs in the samples of 1000 designs. The optimum designs obtained by the proposed method have a sustainability impact 8–15% lower than the designs developed by traditional methods.
Highlights
Today, sustainable development considerations are becoming mainstream into most countries policies and legislation, as reflected by the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
The main aim of this study is to examine the potential of using kriging to perform multi-objective design optimization of wind turbine foundations taking into account a comprehensive set of sustainability and buildability objectives
Two different sensitivity analyses were performed: to study the influence of the initial sample size obtained by Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and of the penalty factor applied to unfeasible solutions of the initial sample
Summary
Sustainable development considerations are becoming mainstream into most countries policies and legislation, as reflected by the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. There is a need to tackle the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainability in an integrated manner (UN 2015). This trend towards sustainability is of vital importance in the design of building and civil engineering structures, since the construction sector is one of the most important socio-economic sectors (Favier et al 2018) at the expense of large negative environmental. Standards have been published in recent years to define the general principles and framework of the environmental, social, and economic sustainability assessment methods for civil engineering construction works (ISO 2019a; 2019b; CEN 2017). The structural design of reinforced concrete structures generally requires performing a large number of different checks, in accordance with design codes (e.g. the Eurocodes), in a supervised manner by the engineer, who commonly uses finite element (FE) analysis software to
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