Practical macro‐element for vertical and batter pile groups

Abstract

AbstractThis paper presents a novel macro‐element for vertical and batter pile groups. The numerical scheme is based on de‐coupled, single pile response. Each pile consists of two separate load‐displacement formulations (axial and transverse) that take a displacement increment as input and return a diagonal tangent stiffness value. The effect of rotation is implicitly incorporated in the transverse load‐displacement formulation. The presented macro‐element does not require pre‐defined failure surfaces or other parameters, and is therefore not restricted to a specific foundation configuration, soil profile or soil type. The macro‐element may be calibrated using any type of non‐linear pile‐soil model. The developed macro‐element is validated using rigorous numerical models for a variety of configurations.