Practical handbook of soil, vadose zone, and ground-water contamination: assessment, prevention, and remediation

Abstract

PART I: BASIC CONCEPTS GEOLOGY, SOILS, AND GEOMORPHOLOGY Geologic Materials Geologic Processes Stratigraphy and Structure Basic Soil Concepts Geomorphology and Ground Water Geologic Settings of Ground Water Occurrence and Quality Guide to Major References GROUND WATER AND VADOSE ZONE HYDROLOGY Ground Water in the Hydrologic Cycle Ground Water-Atmospheric Relationships Ground Water-Surface Water Relationships Water in the Vadose Zone Water in the Saturated Zone (1): Fundamental Concepts Water in the Saturated Zone (2): Water Storage and Flow Guide to Major References SOIL AND GROUND WATER GEOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY Key Characteristics of Chemical Systems Subsurface Distribution Processes Subsurface Transformation Processes Subsurface Environmental Parameters Microbial Ecology of the Subsurface Guide to Major References SOURCES AND BEHAVIOR OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS Definitions of Contamination Extent and Sources of Subsurface Contamination General Mechanisms of Ground?Water Contamination Contaminant Transport Processes Contaminant Retardation Phase Partitioning to Assess Presence of DNAPLs in the Subsurface Contaminant Plume Behavior Guide to Major References PART II: ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING PLANNING FIELD INVESTIGATIONS Overview of Investigation Planning Process Existing Information Sources Developing a Sampling and Monitoring Plan Data Measurement and Reliability Analytical and QA/QC Concepts Statistical Techniques Guide to Major References GEOPHYSICAL AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES Overview of Remote Sensing and Geophysical Techniques Airborne Remote Sensing Surface Geophysical Methods Borehole Geophysics CPT and Other Direct Push Sensing Methods Selection of Geophysical Methods Guide to Major References CHARACTERIZATION OF VADOSE ZONE AND GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY Measurement of Vadose Zone Hydrologic Parameters Preparation and Use of Potentiometric Maps Field and Laboratory Measurement of Aquifer Parameters Estimation of Subsurface Hydrologic Parameters Special Considerations in Hydrogeologic Mapping Guide to Major References SOIL AND GROUND-WATER TRACERS Types and Uses of Tracer Tests Tracer Selection Types of Tracers Tracer Tests in Karst and Fractured Rock Tracer Tests in Porous Media Guide to Major Reference FIELD SAMPLING AND MONITORING OF CONTAMINANTS Types of Monitoring Installations Drilling Methods for Sampling and Well Installation Conventional Monitoring Well Installations Sampling Subsurface Solids and the Vadose Zone Sampling Ground Water Field Screening and Analytical Methods Guide to Major References USE OF MODELS AND COMPUTERS IN CONTAMINANT INVESTIGATIONS Uses of Models and Computers Mathematical Approaches to Modeling Classification of Ground Water Computer Codes General Code Selection Considerations Other Geoenvironmental Computer Applications Guide to Major Information Sources PART III: PREVENTION AND REMEDIATION PREVENTION AND MINIMIZATION OF CONTAMINATION General Approaches Delineation of Wellhead Protection Areas Identification of Potential Contaminant Sources Assessing The Risk From Potential Contaminants Wellhead Protection Area Management Guide to Major References REMEDIATION PLANNING Conceptual Approach to Soil and Ground Water Remediation Methodology Selection of Treatment Methods Measurement and Interpretation of Treatment Effectiveness Guide to Major References REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOILS General Approaches to Soil Remediation Soil Vacuum Extraction (SVE) Bioremediation Other Treatment Approaches Prepared Bed Reactors Guide to Major References REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER Overview Source Control Containment: Ground Water Barriers and Flow Control Ground Water Collection Ground Water Pump-and-Treat Methods In Situ Treatment Guide to Major References Appendices A Summary of Information on Major Subsurface Characterization and Monitoring Techniques Index to ASTM Field and Laboratory Methods Possibly Pertinent to Environmental Site Characterization Tables and Figures for Estimation of Aquifer Parameters Worksheets and Checklists for Ground-Water and Wellhead Protection Aquifer Properties and Contaminant Fate and Transport Problems and Solutions Master List of Figures and Tables with Credits