Abstract
Quantum computing offers a powerful new paradigm of information processing that has the potential to transform a wide range of industries. In the pursuit of the tantalizing promises of a universal quantum computer, a multitude of new knowledge and expertise has been developed, enabling the construction of novel quantum algorithms as well as increasingly robust quantum hardware. In particular, we have witnessed rapid progress in the circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) technology, which has emerged as one of the most promising physical systems that is capable of addressing the key challenges in realizing full-stack quantum computing on a large scale. In this Tutorial, we present some of the most crucial building blocks developed by the cQED community in recent years and a précis of the latest achievements towards robust universal quantum computation. More importantly, we aim to provide a synoptic outline of the core techniques that underlie most cQED experiments and offer a practical guide for a novice experimentalist to design, construct, and characterize their first quantum device.11 MoreReceived 9 October 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.040202Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasQuantum computationQuantum information with solid state qubitsQuantum Information
Highlights
GAO, ROL, TOUZARD, and WANG computing from a mere mathematical curiosity to a rapidly advancing domain of innovation
We have witnessed the remarkable transformation of quantum computing from the realm of scientific curiosity to tangible technological innovations
Rapid progress on the construction of robust quantum hardware has been made in a variety of different physical systems, such as trapped ions [274,275], photons [276, 277], neutral atoms [278], and spins [279,280]
Summary
This Tutorial is structured to mimic the full workflow of building a new cQED experimental setup in the laboratory. Each step plays a crucial role in ensuring the eventual realization of a robust quantum device and requires a multitude of careful considerations, which are often skipped over in research articles In this Tutorial, we aim to provide a step-by-step guide on these practical details, with a specific focus on devices that employ transmon qubits [40]. We further highlight some of the main limiting factors of the coherence of quantum circuits and summarize the known design strategies to mitigate them This is followed by a short discussion of device fabrication as well as considerations towards achieving better yield and reliability. The building blocks introduced far form an iterative cycle [Fig. 1(b)] that enables cQED devices to achieve increasingly robust performance for the desired applications They culminate in the ultimate goal of realizing a robust universal quantum computer capable of tackling real-world challenges. We provide some prospective on the challenges and future directions towards using them as building blocks for a fault-tolerant and general-purpose quantum computer
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