Abstract

Pure shift NMR spectroscopy has become an efficient tool for improving resolution in proton NMR spectra by removing the effect of homonuclear couplings. The introduction of real‐time acquisition methods has allowed the main drawback of pure shift NMR, the long experiment times needed, to be circumvented. Real‐time methods use periodic application of J‐refocusing pulse sequence elements, acquiring a single free induction decay, in contrast to previous methods that construct a pure shift interferogram by concatenating excerpts from multiple free induction decays. In the important heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation experiment, implementing real‐time pure shift data acquisition typically leads to the simultaneous improvement of both resolution and sensitivity. The current limitations of and problems with real‐time pure shift acquisition methods are discussed here in the context of heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation experiments. We aim to provide a detailed account of the technical challenges, together with a practical guide to exploiting the full potential of such methods.

Highlights

  • In addition to the use of field gradient pulses, implementing systematic chunk‐to‐chunk radio frequency (RF) phase variation can improve the quality of coherence transfer pathway (CTP) selection; this is desirable where very high resolution is needed (requiring a long total acquisition time and a large number—tens—of chunks) or where significant errors are caused by pulse imperfections

  • The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed overview of the technical challenges of the real‐time pure shift heteronuclear single‐ quantum correlation (HSQC) experiment

  • Real‐time pure shift HSQC experiments are capable of improving both the resolution and the sensitivity of HSQC and have the potential to supplant the normal HSQC protocols

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Summary

Introduction

In addition to the use of field gradient pulses, implementing systematic chunk‐to‐chunk RF phase variation can improve the quality of CTP selection; this is desirable where very high resolution is needed (requiring a long total acquisition time and a large number—tens—of chunks) or where significant errors are caused by pulse imperfections.

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