Abstract
The Galerkin finite element method (FEM) has long been used to solve groundwater flow equations and compute the mass balance in a region. In this study, we proposed a simple, new computational FEM procedure for global mass balance computations that can simultaneously obtain boundary fluxes at Dirichlet boundary nodes and finite element hydraulic heads at all nodes in only one step, whereas previous approaches usually require two steps. In previous approaches, the first step obtains the Galerkin finite element hydraulic heads at all nodes, and then, the boundary fluxes are calculated using the obtained Galerkin finite element hydraulic heads in a second step. Comparisons between the new approach proposed in this study and previous approaches, such as Yeh’s approach and a conventional differential approach, were performed using two practical groundwater problems to illustrate the improved accuracy and efficiency of the new approach when computing the global mass balance or boundary fluxes. From the results of the numerical experiments, it can be concluded that the new approach provides a more efficient mass balance computation scheme and a much more accurate mass balance computation compared to previous approaches that have been widely used in commercial and public groundwater software.
Highlights
The Galerkin finite element method (FEM) has long been used to solve groundwater flow and advection–dispersion–reaction equations to predict groundwater flow and the transport of pollutants in porous media
Popular commercial simulation programs, such as FEMWATER [1], FEFLOW [2], and HYDRUS3D [3], were developed based on the Galerkin FEM, and programs such as these have been widely used for some time
A comparison between the postprocessing approach described by Yeh [4], the conventional differential approach (CDA), and the new approach proposed in this study was performed using two practical groundwater problems to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new approach for computing the global mass balance or boundary fluxes
Summary
The Galerkin finite element method (FEM) has long been used to solve groundwater flow and advection–dispersion–reaction equations to predict groundwater flow and the transport of pollutants in porous media. By retaining the Galerkin equations at Dirichlet boundaries as the equations for the boundary flux, Carey [12] showed that boundary fluxes can be calculated with exceptional accuracy He demonstrated from numerical studies that the boundary flux errors will be O ∆x2k , where k is the degree of the element polynomial basis if the exact solution is sufficiently smooth. A comparison between the postprocessing approach described by Yeh [4], the conventional differential approach (CDA), and the new approach proposed in this study was performed using two practical groundwater problems to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new approach for computing the global mass balance or boundary fluxes
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