Abstract
Bryophytes, or mosses, are considered the most maintenance-free materials for roof greening. Racomitrium species are most often used due to their high tolerance to desiccation. Because they grow slowly, a technology for forcing their growth is desired. We succeeded in the efficient production of R. japonicum in liquid culture. The structure of the microbial community is crucial to stabilize the culture. A culture-independent technique revealed that the cultures contain methylotrophic bacteria. Using yeast cells that fluoresce in the presence of methanol, methanol emission from the moss was confirmed, suggesting that it is an important carbon and energy source for the bacteria. We isolated Methylobacterium species from the liquid culture and studied their characteristics. The isolates were able to strongly promote the growth of some mosses including R. japonicum and seed plants, but the plant-microbe combination was important, since growth promotion was not uniform across species. One of the isolates, strain 22A, was cultivated with R. japonicum in liquid culture and in a field experiment, resulting in strong growth promotion. Mutualistic symbiosis can thus be utilized for industrial moss production.
Highlights
People living in large urban areas in mid- and low latitudes endure high summer temperatures
We isolated bacteria that belonged mainly to Duganella, Pseudomonas, and Rhodococcus species from liquid cultures of R. japonicum [3]. Some of these bacteria promoted the growth of moss protonemata, possibly through plant hormone synthesis
We used culture-independent techniques to reveal the microbial community structures of the same liquid cultures to obtain more insight into the interaction between R. japonicum and the bacteria detected in the cultures
Summary
People living in large urban areas in mid- and low latitudes endure high summer temperatures. We isolated various microorganisms from liquid culture samples, and showed that they affect moss growth in vitro [3]. We applied a cultivation-independent technique to reveal the microbial community structure in the liquid culture samples, and isolated microorganisms able to promote moss growth, which enhances large-scale moss production as well as crop production.
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