Pracovní poměr mezi lety 1945–1948 v českých zemích, jeho charakteristika a související pracovněprávní problematika

Abstract

The article focuses on the legal regulation of the employment relationship between 1945 and 1948. The labour law, influenced by the devastated national economy, has been modified and adapted to the needs of the country’s reconstruction. It also had to respond to massive displacement of the German populations, resulting in a loss of a skilled workforce counted in hundreds of thousands. The national mobilization of the labour force, which became characteristic feature even in the period of socialism, was carried out in order to solve the situation. The previous regulation is analyzed in the paper for a better understanding of the period under review, and a follow-up arrangement is briefly outlined as well, which has enabled their mutual comparison. The reader will get acquainted with the basic labour institutes: participants in employment relationship, the creation and termination of employment, working time, remuneration for work, safety issues, employee representation in trade unions and the solution of labour disputes. Particular attention is paid to individual types of employment. The paper also explains the application of different labour laws to individual groups of people, especially with regard to their gender, physical and mental development, as well as nationality or other distinguishing features.