Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage response (DDR) pathways are essential for maintaining the integrity of the genome when destabilized by various damaging events, such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, chemical or oxidative stress, and DNA replication errors. The PprI–DdrO system is a newly identified pathway responsible for the DNA damage response in Deinococcus, in which PprI (also called IrrE) acts as a crucial component mediating the extreme resistance of these bacteria. This review describes studies about PprI sequence conservation, regulatory function, structural characteristics, biochemical activity, and hypothetical activation mechanisms as well as potential applications.
Highlights
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage occurs when the genome is exposed to exogenous and endogenous hazards, leading to imperfection and instability of the genetic information (Pilzecker et al, 2019)
OxyR, have been identified involving in the DNA damage response: PprI is the switch mediating the transcription of DDR genes, PprA contributes to UV radiation resistance and interacts with both DraTopoIB and the Gyrase A subunit, DrRRA cooperates with PprI and functions in gamma radiation resistance, and OxyR senses the presence of reactive oxygen species to regulate the antioxidant system (Chen et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2008, 2012, 2015; Bauermeister et al, 2009; Selvam et al, 2013; Kota et al, 2014)
The reason for its robust viability has been revealed with research progresses of the antioxidant system and DNA damage repair, especially when the essential of pprI for the stress resistance and its orchestrating on DNA damage genes such as recA are confirmed (Earl et al, 2002; Hua et al, 2003; Longtin, 2003)
Summary
MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Schaefer, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, United States. Reviewed by: Lydia Contreras, University of Texas at Austin, United States Elena K. Gaidamakova, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), United States. The PprI–DdrO system is a newly identified pathway responsible for the DNA damage response in Deinococcus, in which PprI ( called IrrE) acts as a crucial component mediating the extreme resistance of these bacteria. This review describes studies about PprI sequence conservation, regulatory function, structural characteristics, biochemical activity, and hypothetical activation mechanisms as well as potential applications
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