Abstract
The Káraný waterworks supplies drinking water to about one-third of Prague, the capital city of the Czech Republic with a population of more than 1 million. The combination of two technologies—bank infiltration and artificial recharge—are used for production of drinking water. The two-year monitoring of PPCPs (pharmaceuticals and personal care products) at monthly intervals observed temporal changes in 81 substances in the source river and groundwater, and the efficacy of contamination removal depended on the treatment technology used. The results showed a very wide range of PPCPs discharged from the waste water treatment plant at Mladá Boleslav into the Jizera River at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Acesulfame and oxypurinol in concentrations exceeding 100 ng/L systematically occurred, and then a few tens of ng/L of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, primidone, and lamotrigine were regularly detected at the water outlet using the artificial recharge for production of drinking water. Bank infiltration was found more efficient in removing PPCP substances at the Káraný locality where none of the monitored substances was systematically detected in the mixed sample.
Highlights
A few years ago, most experts in water management had only very vague ideas about the occurrence and amount of the so-called micropollutants, that are substances contained in water at extremely low concentrations in the order of nanograms per liter
All smaller cities in the upper reaches of the Jizera River are a source of PPCPs contained in the river water
44,000; especially the psychiatric hospital at Kosmonosy that is connected to the local sewage treatment plant
Summary
A few years ago, most experts in water management had only very vague ideas about the occurrence and amount of the so-called micropollutants, that are substances contained in water at extremely low concentrations in the order of nanograms per liter. For this reason until now, these substances are not dealt with in the Czech or European legislation for drinking water. PPCPs include, for example, pharmaceuticals that enter waste waters from sewers. During the monitoring CzechNorwegian Research Programme project AQUARIUS (Assessing water quality improvement options concerning nutrient and pharmaceutical contaminants in rural watersheds) undertaken at the pilot site of Horní Beřkovice in Central Bohemia, PPCPs such as hydrochlorothiazide, sulfamethoxazole, sulphapyridine, sulphanilamide, carbamazepine, including its metabolite
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