Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous connective tissue in the large arteries, accompanied by a local inflammatory response. Atherosclerosis is the main origin of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, the major causes of mortality and morbidity in industrialized countries. The metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by the simultaneous presence of one or more metabolic disorders, such as glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, coagulation disturbances and hypertension, is defined as the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors with insulin resistance. Activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), transcription factors, belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors, modulate several of these metabolic risk factors. The PPAR subfamily consists of three distinct subtypes termed α (NR1C1), β/δ (NR1C2) and γ (NR1C3), which display tissue-selective expression patterns reflecting their biological functions. In conclusion, PPAR agonists represent pharmacological drugs with high potential. Combination treatment and development of coagonists appear to be promising future option for an optimal treatment of atherosclerosis.
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