Abstract
To explore the function of PPARγ in the goat mammary gland, we cloned the whole cDNA of the PPARγ gene. Homology alignments revealed that the goat PPARγ gene is conserved among goat, bovine, mouse, and human. Luciferase assays revealed that rosiglitazone enhanced the activity of the PPARγ response element (PPRE) in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). After rosiglitazone (ROSI) treatment of GMECs, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the expression of genes related to triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion: LPL, FASN, ACACA, PLIN3, FABP3, PLIN2, PNPLA2, NR1H3, SREBF1, and SCD. The decreases in expression observed after knockdown of PPARγ relative to the control group (Ad-NC) averaged 65%, 52%, 67%, 55%, 65%, 58%, 85%, 43%, 50%, and 24% for SCD, DGAT1, AGPAT6, SREBF1, ACACA, FASN, FABP3, SCAP, ATGL, and PLIN3, respectively. These results provide direct evidence that PPARγ plays a crucial role in regulating the triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion in goat mammary cells and underscore the functional importance of PPARγ in mammary gland tissue during lactation.
Highlights
Lactation is a process highly demanding of lipid synthesis and transport
Their data showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) might be the main factor that regulates the nuclear transcription factor, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), which affects the expression of some fatty acid metabolism genes during lactation [3, 4]
A potential role of PPARγ in controlling milk fat synthesis has been reported in bovine due to the increase of its expression between pregnancy and lactation [2] and the increase in expression of genes involved in milk fat synthesis after activation with ROSI
Summary
Lactation is a process highly demanding of lipid synthesis and transport. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is known to promote lipogenesis and adipogenesis in adipose tissue [1], its role in the lactating mammary gland is less clear. Researchers have evaluated the expression profiles of 54 genes associated with bovine milk fat synthesis through various periods during lactation and built a regulatory network [3]. Their data showed that PPARγ might be the main factor that regulates the nuclear transcription factor, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), which affects the expression of some fatty acid metabolism genes during lactation [3, 4]. Whether PPARγ plays the same critical role in regulation of milk fatty acid synthesis during the lactation process in dairy goat remains to be determined. Its function in dairy goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) was investigated through the use of the pharmaceutical ligand rosiglitazone (ROSI) and adenovirus-mediated RNA interference
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