Abstract
Despite an increase in incidence, treatments for hepatoblastoma remain virtually unchanged for the past 20 years, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutics. FTY720 (fingolimod) is an immunomodulator approved for use in multiple sclerosis in children that has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer properties in multiple cancer types. We have demonstrated that FTY720 activates PP2A in hepatoblastoma, but does not do so via inhibition of the endogenous inhibitors, CIP2A and I2PP2A, as previously observed in other cancers. PP2A activation in hepatoblastoma decreased cell viability, proliferation, and motility and induced apoptosis. In a subcutaneous xenograft model, FTY720 decreased tumor growth. FTY720 in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic, cisplatin, decreased proliferation in a synergistic manner. Finally, animals bearing subcutaneous hepatoblastoma xenografts treated with FTY720 and cisplatin in combination had significantly decreased tumor growth compared to those treated with either drug alone. These findings show that targeting PP2A with FTY70 shows promise in the treatment of hepatoblastoma and that combining FTY720 with cisplatin may be a novel and effective strategy to better treat this devastating pediatric liver tumor.
Highlights
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver cancer in childhood, primarily affecting those younger than 5 years of age [1]
phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was present in human hepatoblastoma cells and FTY720 activated PP2A with no consistent change in the endogenous PP2A inhibitors, CIP2A and Inhibitor-2 of Protein Phosphatase-2A (I2PP2A)
We demonstrated that PP2A was present in human hepatoblastoma HuH6 cells (Fig 1A), and did not significantly change with FTY720 treatment
Summary
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver cancer in childhood, primarily affecting those younger than 5 years of age [1]. Novel approaches and therapeutics must be developed to more effectively treat these children.
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