Abstract
Background There are concerns regarding codeine in the Methods All NZ community dispensing data for codeine phosphate, tramadol and morphine were extracted from national administrative databases (National Pharmaceu-tical Collection and National Minimum Dataset) for the period 01 January 2010 to 31 December 2015. The data were summarised for each calendar year by age group: Results In the Conclusion These data suggest that prescribers have adopted recommendations with regard to codeine but there may be substitution of codeine with tramadol.
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