Abstract
This investigation involved the examination of pozzolanic benefits that resulted from the amendment of lime stabilization of a soil by using a combination of two industrial wastes viz. Fly ash (FA) and Steel Slag (SS). Two lime contents (6% and 8%), which represented the control specimens, were selected for stabilizing the soil, one above the Initial Consumption of Lime (ICL) and the other above the Optimum Lime Content (OLC), respectively. The lime to total solid waste ratio was maintained as 1:1, and the FA/SS ratio varied within the total solid waste content adopted for amending lime stabilization. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the stabilized samples were determined by casting UCS specimens of 38 x 76 mm and cured for 2 hours, 7, 14 and 28 days. After curing, the specimens were strained until failure, to study the pozzolanic benefits of adding FA-SS. The results revealed that the addition of FA and SS improved the pozzolanic strength, ranging from 3.5% to 15%. The optimal dosage of FA and SS also varied with the lime content adopted. For the 6% lime content, a FA/SS ratio of 1:1 was found to be optimal, whereas for the 8% lime content, a FA/SS ratio of 3:1 was found to develop the maximum strength. The amendment of lime stabilization with FA/SS clearly brought about the difference in lime stabilization stages, unseen when only lime was adopted as stabilizer.
Highlights
Pozzolanic reactions are indispensable in the development of strength of lime stabilized soils, which predominantly depend on the progress of such reactions that result in the formation of cemented products responsible for developing strength
Fly ash (FA) [2, 3], rice husk ash [4, 5], ground granulated blast furnace slag [6, 7], phosphogypsum [8, 9], bagasse ash [10, 11], waste paper sludge ash [12], press mud [13, 14], red mud [15, 16] and egg shell ash [15, 17] are some of the materials that have been used as pozzolans in lime stabilization of soils
The strength of the lime stabilized soil sample increased with curing, regardless of the amendment with FA and Steel Slag (SS) (Fig. 5). This agrees with the results reported by earlier researchers [9, 38,39,40], wherein increasing curing increased the strength of lime stabilization
Summary
Pozzolanic reactions are indispensable in the development of strength of lime stabilized soils, which predominantly depend on the progress of such reactions that result in the formation of cemented products responsible for developing strength. Certain soils lack sufficient silica and alumina, which decrease rapidly after the pozzolanic reaction starts, slowing down the reaction due to lack of raw materials This results in the formation of very less cemented products, reflected in the low strength of the stabilized soil. Under such situations, adding external pozzolanic agents to the soil as auxiliary additives can augment the supply of silica and alumina, allowing the reaction to proceed longer, and, increase the development of strength. In this investigation, combinations of two industrial wastes viz. FA and Steel slag (SS) were used as pozzolans to lime in stabilization of soil Both solid wastes are produced in high quantities around the world, and their reutilization in soil stabilization will result in pozzolanic strength benefits, as well as environmental benefit of waste management. This work aimed at studying the pozzolanic benefits achieved due to the amendment of lime stabilization by adding two industrial solid wastes viz. FA and SS
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