Abstract
The volcanic tuffs of Senegal-Oriental in Mako area are produced during a calc-alkaline volcanism which occurs in this region and which is dated from about 2.3 - 1.95 Ga. Despite their altered appearance, the X-Ray diffractions show mineral paragenesis: Quartz-Kaolinite-Illite and an important amorphous phase. On the Ternary Keil-Rankin diagram for the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 the volcanic tuffs of Mako area are situated between pozzolan and the fly ash. The difference between silica and lime is greater than 34% in these volcanic tuffs. In this study, they have been mixed with Portland cement to obtain pozzolanic cements respectively with 20%, 30%, 35% and 40% of addition of volcanic tuffs. The pozzolanic reactivity is highlighted by the compressive strength increase until 90 days of conservation in water. It supposes that the vitreous phase of the volcanic tuffs reacts with the free CaO (CaOf) of Portland cement to produce new hydrated minerals. This study has a positive economic and environmental impact. Because the time of grinding of pozzolanic cements is reduced. Also, the addition of volcanic tuffs reduces the production of clinker, then the CO2 emission.
Highlights
The physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the volcanic tuffs are first examined, and the compressive strength of Portland cement is compared with pozzolanic cement to determine the pozzolanic activity of these volcanic tuffs
The volcanic tuffs of Mako area in Senegal-Oriental are used to the pozzolanic activity
The time of grinding to obtain pozzolanic cements decreases with the addition of volcanic tuffs, significantly reducing the costs
Summary
Portland cement is the most common type of cement used in construction applications, but it is an expensive binder due to the high cost of production asso-. Raw materials such as limestone and clay are grinded and heated in a kiln at 1400 ̊C - 1450 ̊C to form predominantly clinker, which is finely ground together with additives such as gypsum to obtain Portland cement [11] [32] [41]. The heating of the raw material produces important CO2 emission in the atmosphere. The physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the volcanic tuffs are first examined, and the compressive strength of Portland cement is compared with pozzolanic cement to determine the pozzolanic activity of these volcanic tuffs
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