Pozycja obywatela na gruncie tła ideologicznego oraz regulacji katalogu praw podstawowych Konstytucji Rzeszy Niemieckiej z dnia 28 marca 1849 r.

Abstract

The Spring of Nations in Germany is one of the most turbulent periods in the history of the German state and nation. It was characterized by social aspirations to both abolish the old feudal and aristocratic regime and to replace them with a reformed and liberal constitutional system. This article refers to one of the examples of these strivings, which is the introduction of the universal basic rights catalogue during the Frankfurt National Assembly. The main task of these regulations was an implementation of civil liberties into the legal order of unifying Germany. The article proves that these regulations reflected the views and aspirations of the then German bourgeoisie and political liberals regarding the citizen’s position in the state. The article was divided into four parts. Firstly, it analyzes the political and social conditions in mid-19 th -century Germany. It particularly refers to the liberal party formation process and the postulates formulated by these circles. The next section discusses the problem of defining the notion of nation and the need for its political unification. In the next part, the article analyzes the “classic” liberal rights forming the most important and largest part of the basic rights catalogue. In the end, the article discusses the question of citizens’ political rights and activities as well as their relations with the state.