Powerful multiphase outflows in the central region of Cygnus A

Abstract

ABSTRACT We use Gemini Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) observations of the inner 3.5 × 3.5 kpc2 of the radio galaxy Cygnus A to map the gas excitation and kinematics at a spatial resolution of 200 pc. The emission of the ionized gas shows a biconical morphology, with half-opening angle of 45○ and oriented along the position angle of the radio jet. Coronal line emission is seen within the cone, up to 1.75 kpc from the nucleus, with higher ionization gas observed in the easterly side. The H2 and [Fe ii] emission lines are consistent with excitation by the central AGN, with some contribution of shocks to the south-west of the nucleus. The gas visual extinction and electron density are larger than those from optical-based measurements, consistent with the fact that near-IR observations penetrate deeply into the gas emission structure, probing denser and more obscured regions. The gas kinematics shows two components: (i) a rotating disc with kinematic position angle of Ψ0 = 21○ ± 2○, seen both in ionized and molecular gas, and (ii) outflows with velocities of up to 600 km s−1 observed within the ionization cone in ionized gas and restricted to inner 0.5 arcsec in molecular gas. The mass outflow rate in ionized gas is in the range $\sim \! 100\!-\!280\, {\rm M_\odot \, yr^{-1}}$ and the kinetic power of the outflow corresponds to 0.3–3.3 per cent of the AGN bolometric luminosity, indicating that the outflows in Cygnus A may be effective in suppressing star formation.